Investigation on the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into surveillance and interventions for use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients.@*Methods@#The HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City were randomly sampled from the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Patients' demographics, use of new types of drugs and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Patients' hair samples were collected, and new types of drugs were determined in hair using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, factors affecting the use of new types of drugs were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 254 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, including 214 men (84.25%), 31 cases aged under 25 years (12.20%), 66 cases aged 25 to 30 years (25.98%), and 157 cases aged 31 to 75 years (61.81%). There were 30 cases reported previous use of new drugs (11.81%), including 27 cases reported previous use of methamphetamine (90.00%). There were 48 cases tested positive of new types of drugs, with a positive rate of 18.90%, including 44 cases tested positive for methamphetamine (91.67%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (25 to 30 years, OR=6.926, 95%CI: 1.412-33.969), occupation (students/teachers/cadres/employees/retirees, OR=6.971, 95%CI: 2.123-22.889; housekeeping and housework servants/unemployed, OR=3.356, 95%CI: 1.289-8.739; business/public place servants, OR=2.447, 95%CI: 1.033-4.448) and syphilis infection during recent six months (OR=3.491, 95%CI: 1.664-7.326) as factors affecting the use of new types drugs among HIV/AIDS patients. @*Conclusions @#The use of new types of drugs exists in HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City. Age, occupation and syphilis infection were associated with the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients.

Development progress and application of monoclonal antibody drugs against respiratory virus / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Abstract：In recent years，the outbreak and prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases in the world seriously endanger human health，among which the respiratory infectious diseases caused by viral infection account for a large proportion. The use of vaccines and common antiviral drugs is an effective way to fight viral infection，but there are also problems such as lag and drug resistance. Monoclonal antibodies against respiratory viral infections provide a new strategy for clinical treatment. This paper reviews the development of monoclonal antibody against respiratory virus and its application in respiratory viral infectious diseases. Keywords：Respiratory viral infectious diseases；Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）；Influenza virus（IFV）；Coronavirus （CoV）；Monoclonal antibody

Analysis of aerobic exercise influence on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: A randomized clinical trial

Purpose: To investigate the change pattern of ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and intra?ocular pressure (IOP) after short?term and long?term aerobic exercise. Methods: In this prospective, single?masked, randomized clinical trial, 123 patients with a primary open angle glaucoma that locally used prostaglandin analog alone were randomly divided into the exercise and control groups. In the short?term study, all individuals underwent a cycling exercise at moderate intensity (20% Wmax for 10 minutes) and high intensity (60% Wmax for 5 minutes). During the long?term study, the exercise group is characterized by regular jogging exercise lasting for 30 minutes during 6: 00–10: 00 in the morning for 3 months, with the exercise frequency of at least 20 times per month, and with the intensity reflected by the target heart rate. The control group is designed as a group with irregular exercise. Results: After short?term aerobic exercise, IOP significantly decreased, whereas the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) significantly increased. The decreasing amplitude of IOP is related to the baseline of IOP, the intensity of exercise, gender, and so on. After 3 months of long?term exercise, the changes in the IOP level of the exercise group indicated a decreasing trend. Conclusion: The significant decrement of IOP and the increment of OPP suggest that aerobic exercise is beneficial for patients with primary open?angle glaucoma and appropriate aerobic exercise is appropriate in treating glaucoma patients.

Properties of gelatin methacrylate/decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix composite hydrogel with different crosslinking densities / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Crosslinked polymer chains have a remarkable effect on the fundamental properties and cytocompatiblllty of hydrogels, and crosslinking density can significantly change the formation of polymer chains. There are few studies on the effect of the properties of hydrogels caused by crosslinking density. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a composite hydrogel with a favorable cytocompatlbility and to explore the effect of crosslinking density on the properties of the hydrogel. METHODS: Gelatin methacrylate solution was prepared, and decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix and LAP solution were added to prepare the pre-gel solution, which was crosslinked by blue ray. The crosslinking time was 10, 30 and 60 seconds. The compression elastic modulus, swelling ratio and degradability of hydrogels were detected. Meniscus fibrochondrocytes were added Into the pre-gel solution, and crosslinked by blue ray. The cell viability, morphology and gathering were detected at 10, 30 and 60 seconds of crosslinking. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The hydrogel with 60 seconds of cross-linking time had higher compression elastic modulus than that of the hydrogel with 10 and 30 seconds of cross-linking time (P 0.05). (3) With the crosslinking time Increasing, the degradation time of hydrogels Increased. The hydrogels with 60 seconds of cross-linking time degraded completely at 80 minutes, and hydrogels with 10 seconds of cross-linking time degraded completely at 50 minutes. (4) After 24 hours of culture, the cell viability In all groups was over 95% (P > 0.05). (5) At 1 day after culture, the cells were In sphere-shape and distributed evenly In all groups. On day 4, the cells In all groups began to extend, and there were small cell masses in the hydrogels with 10 seconds of cross-linking time. On day 7, the dendritic extension in all groups was obvious, and there were dominant cell masses In the hydrogels with 10 seconds of cross-linking time. (6) After 1, 7 and 14 days of culture, cell viability In all groups was over 85%. At 1 day after culture, the cells In the hydrogels with 10 seconds of cross-linking time were in sphere-shape and distributed evenly. On day 28, the cells extended In dendritic shape, and gathered in reticular formation. (7) In summary, the property of gelatin methacrylate/decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix composite hydrogel can be optimized by adjusting crosslinking density.

The advancements in the relationship between imaging features of lung-ground glass opacity and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#With the development of technology, the detection rate of ground-glass opacity (GGO) is rapidly increasing. GGO comprises of pure GGO and mixed GGO. Many researches have studied the characteristics of GGO, and they found that different malignant probability of GGO was associated with different image characteristics. It is obvious that there is a close relationship between the image characteristics of GGO and its prognosis. However, due to the various image characteristics of GGO, it is essential to assess the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients in a more comprehensive way. In this review, we summarize the correlation between the main GGO image features (solid proportion, size, mean CT value, shape characteristics) and the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients, to provide clinical reference for prognosis prediction and decision-making for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Relationship of spread through air spaces and specific clinicopathological features or poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma: A systemic review and meta-analysis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To assess the specific clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognostic value of prognostic significance of spread through air spaces (STAS) in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods    We systematically searched the databases of PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science databases from their date of inception to March 2019. The quality of the included literature was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The NOS of the study higher than 6 points was considered as high quality. Software of Stata 12.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results    Twenty retrospective cohort studies involved with totally 6 225 patients were included. Quality of included studies was high with NOS score equal or higher than 6 points. STAS was associated with male sex, ever smoking history, abnormal carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) level, air bronchogram negative, anaplasticlymphoma kinase (ALK) arrangement positive, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive, advanced pathological tumor stage and more invasive pathological adenocarcinoma subtypes. The presence of STAS indicated significantly poor recurrence free survival (RFS) (HR=1.960, 95%CI 1.718-2.237, P<0.001) as well as poor overall survival (OS) (HR=1.891, 95%CI 1.389-2.574, P<0.001). Further subgroup analyses showed that exhibiting tumor size including diameter less than 2 cm (HR=2.344, 95%CI 1.703-3.225,  P<0.001) and diameter over 2 cm (HR=2.571, 95%CI 1.559-4.238, P<0.001), resection type including lobectomy (HR=1.636, 95%CI 1.258-2.127, P<0.001) and sublobar resection (HR=3.549, 95%CI 2.092-6.021, P<0.001) in stageⅠ adenocarcinoma suggested that STAS had a bad effect on RFS. Conclusion    Presence of STAS is associated with more aggressive clinicopathological features and independently associated with worse RFS and OS in lung adenocarcinoma. STAS positive has a negative effect on RFS whatever the tumor size (including the diameter<2 cm or >2 cm) and resection types in stageⅠ adenocarcinoma.

Clinical research progress of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare type of lung cancer with special characteristics of epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It has close relationship with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and has prominent regional feature. Most patients are young and non-smoking. There is no specificity of clinical manifestation. Most patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. As for treatment, the standard treatment for early stage disease is complete resection. Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has been applied in locally advanced disease as the first line therapy. Due to its rarity, the treatment of advanced PPLELC is still lack of evidence of large sample randomized controlled trial. Whether target therapy or immunotherapy is effective is worth further study. This article reviews the research progress of PPLELC, to give a particular sight for clinicians and provides a better understanding of this rare tumor for researchers.

Application of different molecular imaging techniques in predicting the progress of abdominal aortic aneurysm / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common lethal aortic disease in clinical practice. At present, the imaging diagnostic methods used for AAA mainly include Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but these methods can only observe the morphological changes of the aorta. These techniques used for the risk assessment of aneurysms, such as aneurysm rupture have some certain limitations. With the continuous development of molecular imaging technology and the further understanding of the pathogenesis of AAA, positron emission tomography (PET), molecular MRI and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) techniques can be used to observe the pathological changes of the AAA and assess the risk of rupture from cell and molecular level. In this paper, the latest application of PET, molecular MRI, SPECT in the risk assessment was discussed.

Particulate matter 2.5 deposition on corneal contact lens and its effects on the oxygen permeability and refractive index of contact lenses / 眼科新进展

Objective To observe the deposition of PM2.5 in the contact lens and its influence on the oxygen permeability and refractive index of the contact lens.Methods Atmospheric PM2.5 was collected for preparation of 1 mg · mL-1 PM2.5 suspension.Then,18 rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGPCL) and 18 soft contact lens lenses (SCL) were grouped in control,experimental and PBS-rinse group,with 6 RGPCL and 6 SCL in each group.RGPCL and SCL in the experimental and PBS-rinse groups were incubated in 1 mg · mL-1 PM2.5 solution for 24 h,followed by PBS-rinse group were further washed for 1 h in PBS,whereas the controls were incubated in PBS for 24 h.All of them were examined with field scanning electron microscopy.Meanwhile,oxygen permeability and refractive index of contact lens were measured using the polar graphic devices and refractometry respectively.All the obtained data were quantitatively and statistically analyzed.Results After treatment in PM2.5 solution,there was a large amount of PM2.5 deposition on the RGPCL surface in the experimental group,and the amount of PM2.5 was counted (3.19 ± 1.64) · 100 μm-2,while no atmospheric particulate matter was found in the control group;following the treatment of PBS,a lot of PM2.5 attached on the surface of RGPCL remained visible,and the number of particles was (5.12 ± 1.27) · 100 μm-2.And the difference was statistically significant between the control group and PBS-rinse group (P ＜0.05).In addition,and the amount of PM2.5 attached on the surface of SCL in the exPerimental group was (2.16 ± 1.19) · 100 μm-2,while there wasn t any atmospheric particulate matter in the control group;and,after a wash of SCL in PBS,the amount of PM2.5 on SCL surface was (0.56 ±0.39) · 100 μm-2 in the PBS-rinse group,indicating a statistically difference between the control group and PBS-rinse group (P ＜0.05).Moreover,the amount of PM2.5 attachment on SCL surface in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After PM2.5 solution treatment,oxygen permeability of RGPCL and SCL was 100.00 ± 3.17 and 42.00 ± 2.57 respectively in the experimental group,as well as 100.00 ±2.36 and 41.00 ± 3.44 in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05);while refractive index of RGPCL and SCL was 1.415 6 ±0.000 4 and 1.3737 ±0.000 7 respectively in the experimental group,as well as 1.415 3 ±0.000 4 and 1.373 7 ±0.000 l in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups either (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PM2.5 can be attached to the surface of RGPCL and SCL,and PM2.5 is easier to adhere to RGPCL surface and is not easy to elute when compared with SCL,but PM2.5 deposition do not affect oxygen permeability and refractive index of contact lenses over a short span of time.

Study on the Anti-Endotoxin Activity of Human Endotoxin Binding Peptide P1 and P2 / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To study the antiendotoxin activity of P1 and P2 based on the lipopolysacchride binding protein.Method P1 and P2 were designed and obtained.In vitro test,peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)were extracted from volun-teer 100ml venous blood,the experiment group was arranged as:control group,positive control group,LPS group,LPS+P1 (2 mg/L,5 mg/L,12.5 mg/L)group and LPS+P2(2 mg/L,5 mg/L,12.5 mg/L)group,TNF-α and IL-6 of supernatant liquor in every group were detectd by ELISA.In vivo,40 kunming rice were randomly divided into four groups with ten rice each group:control group,model group,LPS+P1 and LPS+P2 group,Pathologic changes of lung and liver tissues were ob-served by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Results The serum level of IL-6 and TNF-αin 12.5 mg/L P1 and 2 mg/L, 5 mg/L,12.5 mg/L P2 treatment group were lower than that in model group,the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.01).Serum level of TNF-αor IL-6 in 12.5 mg/L P2 treatment group were similar to that in PMB treatment group, and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Histologymorphology finding showed that central veins of liver and hepatic sinusoid congestion,hepatic cellular edema existed,occasionally,acidophilic change and spotty necrosis were found,pulmonary interstitial edema,focal hemorrhage,alveolar space stenosis existed.As regards 10 mg/kg P1 treatment group mice,hepatic cellular edema and pulmonary interstitial edema ameliorated.About 10 mg/kg P2 treatment group mice, veins of liver and hepatic sinusoid congestion obviously ameliorated,mild pulmonary interstitial edema exsited.Conclusion The results indicated P1 and P2 had antiendotoxin effect,in vivo and vitro,for 12.5 mg/L P2,its inhibition effect for TNF-αor IL-6 release was positive.

Waist Circumference-dependent Peripheral Monocytes Change after Gliclazide Treatment for Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Gliclazide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stimulates insulin secretion and influences peripheral blood monocytes.The roles of gliclazide in peripheral monocytes of newly diagnosed T2DM patients were investigated in this study.A total of 105 newly diagnosed T2DM patients with no history of antihyperglycemic medication were treated with gliclazide-modified release for 16 weeks.The total and differential leukocyte profiles of peripheral blood were measured at baseline and week 16.The peripheral blood monocyte count at week 16 was significantly lower than that at baseline (P=0.019).Peripheral monocytes level at baseline was positively correlated with waist circumference.After gliclazide treatment,the peripheral monocytes were decreased [(320.09±15.13)×106/L vs.(294.19±14.22)×106/L] in non-abdominal obesity group,but increased in abdominal obesity group [(344.36±17.24)×106/L vs.(351.87±16.93)×106/L].Compared with non-abdominal obese patients,abdominal obese patients showed higher Amonocytes (P=0.046) and Aacute insulin secretion (P=0.049),but lower AHbAlc (P=0.047).There was significantly positive correlation between Amonocytes and Aacute insulin secretion (P=0.015),which disappeared after adjusting for age,waist circumference and dosage at baseline.In conclusion,waist circumference is correlated with peripheral monocyte change after gliclazide treatment in Chinese newly diagnosed T2DM patients.Peripheral monocytes are decreased in non-abdominal obesity group and increased in abdominal obesity group after gliclazide treatment.

The Relationship between HIF-2α and VEGF with Radiographic Severity in the Primary Osteoarthritic Knee

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with radiographic severity in primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Expression of these two factors in cartilage samples from OA knee joints was examined at mRNA and protein levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Knee joints were examined using plain radiographs, and OA severity was assessed using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grading system. Specimens were collected from 29 patients (31 knees) who underwent total knee replacement because of severe medial OA of the knee (KL grades 3 and 4), 16 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy (KL grade 2), and 5 patients with traumatic knees (KL grade 0). HIF-2α and VEGF expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS: Cartilage degeneration correlated with the radiographic severity grade. OA severity, determined using the Mankin scale, correlated positively with the KL grade (r=0.8790, p<0.01), and HIF-2α and VEGF levels with the radiographic severity of knee OA (r=0.7001, p<0.05; r=0.6647, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In OA cartilage, HIF-2α and VEGF mRNA and protein levels were significantly and positively correlated. The expression of both factors correlated positively with the KL grade. HIF-2α and VEGF, therefore, may serve as biochemical markers as well as potential therapeutic targets in knee OA.

Mental health is the most important factor influencing quality of life in elderly left behind when families migrate out of rural China / A saúde mental é o fator mais importante que influencia a qualidade de vida de idosos deixados para trás quando as famílias emigram da China rural / La salud mental es el factor más importante que influye en la calidad de vida en los adultos mayores que se quedan cuando las familias emigran fuera de las zonas rurales de China

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the quality of life and the associated factors on left behind elderly in rural China. METHOD: the research was conducted cluster sampling to select 456 elderly left behind when family members migrated out of rural China to participate in a cross-sectional study by completing a general data questionnaire and Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS: 91.5% of the elderly requested psychological counseling and education. For the elderly, scores for mental health (39.56±13.73) were significantly lower compared with Chinese standard data (61.6±13.7) (P<0.001). Age, chronic disease type, gender, residence pattern and economic support from children were the main psychological factors influencing this population. CONCLUSION: mental health is the most important factor influencing quality of life of elderly left behind when family members migrated out of rural China. Our study suggested a need to widely establish a general practitioner team for psychological intervention for improving rural elderly people's Quality of Life level, especially in the psychological domain. .

OBJETIVOS: investigar a qualidade de vida e fatores associados de idosos deixados para trás na China rural. MÉTODO: foi realizada amostragem por conglomerado para selecionar 456 idosos deixados para trás quando os membros da família emigram da China rural. Este é um estudo transversal com preenchimento de um questionário de dados gerais e de qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: 91,5% dos idosos convidados solicitaram aconselhamento e educação psicológicos. Para os idosos, os escores de saúde mental (39,56±13,73) foram significativamente menores em comparação aos dados padrões chineses (61,6±13,7) (p<0,001). A idade, tipo de doença crônica, gênero, tipo de moradia e suporte econômico dos filhos foram os principais fatores psicológicos que influenciaram essa população. CONCLUSÃO: a saúde mental é o fator mais importante que influencia a qualidade de vida de idosos deixados para trás quando os familiares emigraram da China rural. Este estudo sugere a necessidade de criação de ampla equipe de generalistas para intervenção psicológica, com o intuito de melhorar o nível de qualidade de vida de idosos de áreas rurais, especialmente no domínio psicológico. .

OBJETIVOS: investigar la calidad de vida y los factores asociados a los adultos mayores que se quedan en las zonas rurales de China. MÉTODO: la investigación se realizó por medio de muestreo por conglomerados para seleccionar 456 adultos mayores que se quedaron cuando los miembros de la familia emigraron de zonas rurales de China, para participar en un estudio de corte transversal, completando un cuestionario de datos generales y cuestionario de calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: el 91.5% de los adultos mayores solicitó asistencia psicológica y educación. Para los adultos mayores, las puntuaciones de salud mental (39.56±13.73) fueron significativamente más bajos en comparación con los datos estándar de China (61.6±13.7) (p<0.001). La edad, el tipo de enfermedad crónica, el género, el patrón de residencia y el apoyo económico de los hijos fueron los principales factores psicológicos que influencian esta población. CONCLUSIÓN: la salud mental es el factor más importante que influye la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores que se quedan cuando los miembros de la familia emigran de las zonas rurales de China. Nuestro estudio sugiere la necesidad de establecer ampliamente un equipo médico general para la intervención psicológica para mejorar el nivel de la Calidad de Vida de la población rural de edad avanzada, sobre todo en el dominio psicológico. .

Expression of Toll-like Receptor 9 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Different Hepatitis B and C Viral Loads / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

e negatively corre-lated with serum viral copies and play an important role in detecting viral replication of HBV and HCV.

A critical evaluation of the effect of population size and phenotypic measurement on QTL detection and localization using a large F2 murine mapping population

Population size and phenotypic measurement are two key factors determining the detection power of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. We evaluated how these two controllable factors quantitatively affect the detection of QTL and their localization using a large F2 murine mapping population and found that three main points emerged from this study. One finding was that the sensitivity of QTL detection significantly decreased as the population size decreased. The decrease in the percentage logarithm of the odd score (LOD score, which is a statistical measure of the likelihood of two loci being lied near each other on a chromosome) can be estimated using the formula 1 - n/N, where n is the smaller and N the larger population size. This empirical formula has several practical implications in QTL mapping. We also found that a population size of 300 seems to be a threshold for the detection of QTL and their localization, which challenges the small population sizes commonly-used in published studies, in excess of 60 percent of which cite population sizes <300. In addition, it seems that the precision of phenotypic measurement has a limited capacity to affect detection power, which means that quantitative traits that cannot be measured precisely can also be used in QTL mapping for the detection of major QTL.

Use of signal thresholds to determine significant changes in microarray data analyses

The use of a constant fold-change to determine significant changes in gene expression has been widely accepted for its intuition and ease of use in microarray data analysis, but this concept has been increasingly criticized because it does not reflect signal intensity and can result in a substantial number of false positives and false negatives. To resolve this dilemma, we have analyzed 65 replicate Affymetrix chip-chip comparisons and determined a series of user adjustable signal-dependent thresholds which do not require replicates and offer a 95 percent confidence interval. Quantitative RT-PCR shows that such thresholds significantly improve the power to discriminate biological changes in mRNA from noise and reduce false calls compared to the traditional two-fold threshold. The user-friendly nature of this approach means that it can be easily applied by any user of microarray analysis, even those without any specialized knowledge of computational techniques or statistics. Noise is a function of signal intensity not only for Affymetrix data but also for cDNA array data, analysis of which may also be benefited by our methodology.